Unilateralism is a foreign policy approach where a state acts independently, without seeking approval, support, or coordination from other countries or international institutions. It reflects a preference for national sovereignty over multilateral cooperation and is often associated with powerful states asserting their interests alone.

• Patrick, S. (2003). Multilateralism and its discontents: The causes and consequences of U.S. unilateralism. The Brookings Review, 21(4), 52–57.