Multistakeholderism is a governance approach that involves multiple types of actors, such as states, international organizations, civil society, the private sector, and academia in decision-making processes. Unlike traditional intergovernmentalism, which centers on states, multistakeholderism emphasizes inclusive dialogue and shared responsibility, particularly in areas like internet governance, climate change, and global health.

• Raymond, M., & DeNardis, L. (2015). Multistakeholderism: Anatomy of an inchoate global institution. International Theory, 7(3), 572–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971915000081