A proxy war is a conflict where two or more external powers support opposing sides in a war, without directly engaging in combat against each other. Instead of fighting directly, these powers use third parties, often local governments, rebel groups, or militias, to pursue their strategic interests. Proxy wars are common during periods of intense geopolitical rivalry, such as the Cold War, and often prolong conflicts and increase their complexity.

• Byman, D. (2018). Understanding proxy warfare. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 12(4), 100–114.