In international relations, “peace” means the absence of conflict, war, and violence between states or within societies. It encompasses both the cessation of hostilities and the establishment of stable and harmonious relations between nations. Peace is often achieved through diplomatic efforts, such as negotiations, treaties, and agreements designed to resolve conflicts and prevent future disputes.

• Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301