The resource curse, also known as the “paradox of abundance,” refers to the situation in which countries with abundant natural resources such as oil, minerals, or gas generally experience lower economic growth and poorer development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources. The curse highlights that while resource wealth has the potential to drive growth and prosperity, it can also create significant challenges if not managed effectively.

• Ross, M. L. (2012). The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations. Princeton University Press.
• Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006). Institutions and the Resource Curse. The Economic Journal, 116(508), 1–20.