It refers to the use of digital attacks and strategies to gain unauthorized access to, disrupt or damage adversaries’ information systems, networks and infrastructures. It represents a modern and evolving form of conflict that uses digital technologies to achieve strategic goals and disrupt the opponent.

• Rid, Thomas. Cyber War Will Not Take Place. Oxford University Press, 2013.
• Clarke, Richard A., & Knake, Robert K. Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It. HarperCollins, 2010.
• Singer, P.W., & Friedman, Allan. Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press, 2014.