Global governance refers to the system of rules, institutions, and processes through which international actors, including states, international organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs), cooperate to address global challenges and manage and resolve problems that transcend national borders. Global governance is more decentralized and involves multiple stakeholders. In short, global governance can be defined as the coordination of governance processes among local, national, and international actors at various levels to find common solutions to global problems such as climate change, international security, or human rights.

• Held, D., & Koenig-Archibugi, M. (2005). Global governance and the role of the state. In D. Held & A. McGrew (Eds.), Globalization theory: Approaches and controversies (pp. 132-158). Polity Press.