Ethnic conflict refer to the disagreements and tensions that arise between different ethnic groups. These disagreements and tensions can arise from identity, discrimination, struggles for resources and power, social, historical factors and political manipulation. Ethnic conflicts manifest themselves in the form of violence, war, social division and human rights violations. Ethnic conflicts are generally difficult to resolve and require comprehensive reconciliation, dialogue and justice processes.

• Smith, J. (2021). Understanding ethnic conflict: Causes and resolutions. Ethnic Studies Review, 12(3), 123-140.